Culture of Armenia †history, people, women, beliefs, food, customs Essay

(I am trying to make art that relates to the deepest and most mythic concerns of humankind and I believe that, at this moment of history, feminism is humanism. Judy Chicago, 1990) Armenian traditions and culture made an Armenian woman unable to work outside of their homes for several decades. As women were supposed to marry at very young ages there was no need for personal and professional growth except being excellent households. In the first stage (0-19 years) of their lives, they were dependent financially on their families, especially fathers, after that they were depended on their husbands. As lives of many of Armenian girls were already decided before they were born, there was no room for education and career. However, even in that kind of situation, there were several motives for pushing women to education and workforce. Industrialization and technology development were some of those reasons. So, we may think that women were not utilized entirely by the society, that’s way with the development the role of women in the family decreased hence increased in the society. And as women started to enter the workforce and get out of their â€Å"home† comfort zone, the need for secure rights and respect increased by them. So, why it was not important to have rights within the family? Here come tradition and culture. Armenian women were always thought from their young ages, that family is the most valuable thing that can happen in their lives and family wife, the mother must always sacrifice their happiness, dreams and overall lives to build a strong and â€Å"child-friendly† environment within their families. As families were big (6 – 10 members) there was no time left for the women to think about their long-term goals and dreams. They were entirely taken by day-to-day household activities and child’s upbringing, however, I personally think that if girls were taught about other values from younger ages, the society would change itself even with very little steps. It is a cyclical system and all starts from the childhood. There is another argument, that we may also consider: women were accepted as the â€Å"tool† of continuing the nation with next generation. Women were blamed when they were not married because they will not be able to give a birth to a child, especially a boy. And those women who decided not to marry were forced to wear old, black clothes and they needed to cover their faces. There is another crucial fact, as many towns and villages couldn’t provide a primary education mothers were supposed to teach their children as well. So, the way that child’s brain and imagination will be shaped was in the hand of their mothers. At the first glance, we may think that women in poverty or girls who were married by force were the main engine of driving the society into feminist ideas. Because they were the ones who had no voice in the family and society, most of their husbands migrated to other towns to make money. In villages especially, women were publicly harassed for their speech in front of another man. However, the history showed us that feminists were from the elite class of the society, we can see lots of cases both in Armenia and worldwide. So, why were feminists from the highest social class, if they could have anything that they needed? There are several reasons for that, but in this paper, I will consider just two of them: being able to afford higher education; free time. A good education has always been an expansive experience. Even now, when almost every city has its own school and at least one university, for graduating you need to have money. What about 19th centuries? When people started to value the education and wealthy families were seeking to give their children the best education, both for their status and for their next generation’s welfare. Graduates from all institutions that provided higher education were from wealthy families. And only the most wealthy families will spend money for their daughter’s education. From that institutions, girls got only knowledge but a dream of getting more than just having husbands and children. They wanted to use their talents and knowledge to change something in this world. Education â€Å"educate† people to move forward and always take into account one’s individual ways of thinking, sometimes feelings and even just intuition when making decisions. However, all these cannot be i ntegrated into typical Armenian Family’s daily routine. Most of the decision was made by the man and sometimes never advised with the women. Even if the issue is really crucial and important for family’s future. So, the women are a subordinate, just an active resource that can be used based on man’s decision. Some people argue that while the feminist movement certainly opened up jobs and opportunities available to women, it ultimately harmed women, children, and family because it devalued motherhood. I would agree with some part of this statement, however, I will change a word in it: As the feminist movement certainly opened up jobs and opportunities available to women, it ultimately changed women, children, and family because it devalued patriarchal families. With the increase of women in the workforce the birth rate decreased. And women got less time to provide to their personal lives and more importantly number of children born by a single woman decrease.When women Ð °cquired greÐ °ter clÐ °ss stÐ °tus and power without conducting themselves differently from mÐ °les, feminist politics were undermined. Middle- Ð °nd lower-middle clÐ °ss women who were suddenly compelled by the ethos of feminism to enter the workforce did not feel liberated once they fÐ °ced the hard truth that working outside the home did not mean work in the home would be equally shÐ °red with mÐ °le partners. So, what is the reason? Is there any solution that could combine a working mother and more children in one family? Yes, in my point of view, there is one. If the life of a woman changes during decades, a routine of man was stable. They haven’t met any crucial changes in their daily routines and plans with this development. And here is the problem. If the father took some of the women’s activities and concerns within the family, everything would be balanced. Because the woman changes entirely after having a child, and in the workplaces, it is not always guaranteed that women could get her job back after maternity leave. Some countries found the solution: paternity leave. Fathers have equal rights to get leave for the newborn baby, and the problem is somehow solved. So, how is this connected to social status? Women from higher social classes have the opportunity of choosing. It can be just an ability to choose a dress or choose a life partner. Along with this, they have more time available (they have servants) for their own interests, so instead of doing household activities they are building their personalities and constructing their own lives. There are lots of examples of wealthy feminists from the history both worldwide and in Armenia. One of the most famous Armenian feminists was Serbouhi Dussab. She was a good example of well-educated, self-confident Armenian women. She was well-known in her time because she had a social status, and it made her voice to be heard. In the traditional Armenian society, it was not always easy to express your opinion as an individual, especially in novels. In her second novel (Siranush, published in 1884) she talked about family life, marriage and women’s right in Armenian families. She stepped into the sphere that was never touched deeply by women. Every question, especially regarding genders, have at least two viewpoints, and it is not always to be in the â€Å"middle†. Women should look into the question of gender equality with a cold heart and sharp mind, or else feelings will make a decision instead of them. This is what we can see in writings of Ms. Srbouhie Dussab. However, in Armenian society women were not only making a difference in literature but also found several charitable funds and organizations, which changed the society’s way of thinking step by step. Some of those organizations were: The School-Loving Ladies Society, founded in 1979 by Ms. Nurik Simanian, Ms. Taguhie Paltazarian, and Mrs. Armaveni Minassian. The goal of the society to promote education of Armenian girls and train teacher for provinces, set private free schools for Armenian girls ; â€Å"Education-loving Ladies†, founded in 1880 and society’s goal was to take care of poo rs, orphans, widows ; â€Å"Union of girls and young men† founded in 1919, an example of joint man and woman organization and â€Å"Armenian Women’s Association† founded in 1919, aimed to contribute to Armenian women’s moral intellectual, material and physical development, establish cooperation between all Armenian women, use Armenian potential to promote the Armenian Cause. The Armenian women’s charitable society of Tiflis Was the largest and long-lived women’s organization. On 4th of December, 1879 114 ladies gathered in the conference hall of the Mariamian-Hovnanian girls’ school, organized fundraising, raised 407 rubles for sending to Constantinople. On 31st of December, 1881 Society’s Charter was adopted. According to the Charter, the goal of the Society was to promote the education of women: a. by opening and maintaining a private school for females at its own cost b. by supporting parochial schools for females with its own funds as well as by assisting those women that wish to become teachers in parochial schools’. The society also granted scholarships for unmarried women to study education or medicine. Within first 10 years, Society organized 11 balls, 6 performances, 3 concerts, 2 public lectures, all of which proved quite successful as fund-raisers. One of the most memorable organizations was Armenian Society â€Å"Meghu† in Tiflis â€Å"Meghu† decided to stop poverty by waging war against women’s unemployment. First, there was the issue of cheap labor. The number of job-seekers is constantly on the rise and fear of starvation forces workers to accept lower wages. Second, there was a danger of the flaw of living at the expense of someone else’s labor. The founders of the Society divided those living at someone else’s labor into two groups, evil-doers or robbers, and beggars. †A beggar with his rags and nakedness does the same thing as a robber: beggary, too, is a trade and a mask, which can be used to peacefully rob someone without running any risk.† A power was needed that would help them at the time of despair and would encourage them. The class came to the conclusion that the existing charities were powerless to fight against a huge force of economic crisis. Those women came up with an idea of establishing a purely democratic association that would be able without hurting people’s self-respect to provide the unfortunate victims of our materialistic age, especially women. Armenian female workers are the most oppressed, ill-used and exploited social class because, on the one hand, of their shyness and, on the other hand, of the overall economic situation. Women earned their living with home-craft (ex. sewing, and they would make kopecks).The Society set a goal of establishing the †House of Work† (workshops) and of assisting in promoting the cause of eliminating illiteracy of poor women. Workshops, such as dress-making, dry-cleaning, cardboard, artificial flowers, basketry, cooking. For 13-17 years old-sold girls society opened a school. The final decision was that only girls that have a level of knowledge equal to the graduates of the parochial elementary school shall be admitted to the school at the Meghu House of Work. As mentioned before, a good education and self-confidence can have a cyclical effect and attract more women to take their lives in their hands. Maybe the engines of feminism revolution were a wealthy woman, but they helped the society to understand the importance of equality in every sphere of life. They changed the world by writing novels, founding organizations, societies, and schools. Importance of a good education is rising day-by-day and feminists have a huge role in it by their activities. They brought the problems of women from top to the lives of people and made middle- and low- social class women to think about their futures by themselves.

“I’m nobody! Who are you?” by Emily Dickinson Essay

Never judge a book by its cover. Appearances can greatly deviate from what is hidden on the inside. â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson, â€Å"We wear the mask† by Paul Laurence Dunbar, and â€Å"I’m nobody! Who are you?† by Emily Dickinson each give examples of appearances in contrast to reality. Robinson’s â€Å"Richard Cory† is essentially about a man who is set upon a golden pedestal by others and due to his suppressed sadness, kills himself. â€Å"We wear the mask† by Dunbar shows us society’s use of a â€Å"mask† to hide their sorrow and grief, grinning and smiling when they truly feel overwhelmed with sadness. Dickinson’s â€Å"I’m nobody!† tells of the role of â€Å"somebody† in society as opposed to a â€Å"nobody†, deeming the truth as the latter of the two. In Robinson’s â€Å"Richard Cory,† Dunbar’s â€Å"We wear the mask,† and Dickinson’s â€Å"I’m nobody!† appearance versus reality is exhibited through the usage of poetic language evoking various feelings in the reader. With each authors use of poetic language feelings are stirred and the discrepancies between appearances and reality are clearly expressed. Robinson’s â€Å"Richard Cory† lets us closely examine appearances in contrast with reality. All who knew of Richard Cory held him in reverence; they glorified him and were quite jealous of his lifestyle. â€Å"And he was always quietly arrayed, and he was always human when he talked; but still he fluttered pulses when he said, ‘Good morning,’ and he glittered when he walked†¦. In fine we thought that he was everything to make us wish that we were in his place† gives a perfect example of how highly Richard Cory was thought of by â€Å"the people on the pavement† and how they wished to be of his status. Those who watched Richard Cory every time he went into town might have desired all Cory had and was, but they were deceived by his rejection of the eminence that his fellows would accord him. â€Å"And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, went home and put a bullet through his head,† although it may seem somewhat an ironic and abrupt ending, it suits the theme well, quickly identifying the concept of appearance versus identity. Robinson also shows us appearances versus reality through his use of poetic language. Robinson’s use of imagery, and irony enhances the poem greatly. Robinson uses imagery throughout the course of his poem. â€Å"And he was always quietly arrayed†¦and he glittered when he walked,† Robinson uses visually  stimulating words and phrases to show the magnitude of a man that was Richard Cory. Robinson also makes use of irony in â€Å"Richard Cory,† enabling us to understand the truth of Cory’s existence, that of a sad man, no better than any of those â€Å"on the pavement.† â€Å"And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, went home and put a bullet through his head,† after all that reverence, Richard Cory was in all respects unhappy. This use of poetic language in â€Å"Richard Cory† provokes feelings of grandness and jealousy. When Richard Cory’s fellows looked at him, they saw him as of royalty, of pertaining to that which heavenly or divine; howbeit, they were looking through eyes full of envy. Richard was held in high regards. â€Å"And he was rich – yes, richer than a king – and admirably schooled in every grace,† his ranking alongside Kings gives a sense of how grand a man the townspeople made Cory out to be. People on the street admired Cory from afar; they wished to be him, to walk in his shoes, they coveted his very essence. â€Å"In fine, we thought that he was everything to make us wish that we were in his place. So on we worked, and waited for the light, and went without meat, and cursed the bread†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the extent of their jealousy runs far. However, â€Å"We wear the mask† by Dunbar, in it’s own way, also deals with the same principles of appearance versus reality as did â€Å"Richard Cory.† â€Å"We wear the mask† allows us to delve into the psyche of humanity and explore its apparent need to hide behind a mask. In â€Å"We wear the mask,† the title alone gives us the theme for the entire poem. â€Å"We wear the mask that grins and lies, it hides our cheeks and shades out eyes–This debt we pay to human guile; with thorn and bleeding hearts we smile, and mouth with myriad subtleties,† shows that the mask that is worn hides the true self, instead, a false face is given, one which smiles and does not let the underlying, suppressed sorrows show. Humanity, as seen through the eyes of Dunbar in â€Å"We wear the mask,† is deceiving itself with these masks we wear, this fraudulent life which is lead by all. â€Å"This debt we pay to human guile; with thorn and bleeding hearts we smile, and mouth with myriad subtleties,† though we may be torn apart inside, to the world we are content with life; once again, appearance deviate greatly fro m reality. Moreover, through the use of poetic language, Dunbar also expresses appearance in contrast with  reality. Through the use of an extended metaphor and sensory, Dunbar further allows the exploration of appearances versus reality. â€Å"We wear the mask† tells of a mask which hides the face, which hides the emotions one is feeling, the term â€Å"mask† is used throughout the poem as a metaphor; Dunbar does not write of a mask which is adorned and used for masquerades, rather, he writes of the inherent suppression of emotions for fear of being ostracized from a society which is quick to do so. â€Å"Nay, let them only see us while we wear the mask,† the mask is a necessity in life, it is worn by all. Sensory language in â€Å"We wear the mask† enables the reader to feel the pains and sufferings of the human race. Dunbar’s use of extended metaphor and sensory in â€Å"We wear the mask† elicits pride and empathy in the reader. â€Å"We smile, but O great Christ, our cries to thee from tortured souls arise. We sing, but oh, the clay is vile beneath our feet, and long the mile†¦Ã¢â‚¬  lines such a these enable the reader to empathize with the narrator. The way poetic language was used in â€Å"We wear the mask† evokes feelings of empathy in the reader, as well as pride. Throughout the course of Dunbar’s poem, one cannot help but feel a sense of empathy and pride. Reading this poem, a sense empathy for humanity arises, for the pain we all face day in and day out. â€Å"We smile, but O great Christ, our cries to thee from tortured souls arise,† evokes the feeling of empathy towards the plights of humanity. A sense of pride is also given in the poem with the narrator’s refusal to let others see him without the mask. â€Å"But let the world dream otherwise, we wear the mask!† the narrator voices this statement with pride. In addition, â€Å"I’m nobody!† by Dickinson also faces the idea of discrepancies between appearance and reality. Dickinson’s â€Å"I’m nobody!† explores appearance in contrast with reality. The true face of the reader is being questioned, their identity so to speak. â€Å"I’m nobody! Who are you?† Dickinson suggests, through the persona of a child that the true somebody is, in reality, the nobody. In order to remain in society, one must adopt the views and beliefs of society regardless of your own. â€Å"Are you nobody too? Then there’s a pair of us–don’t tell! They’d  banish us you know,† this shows how people must appear to be the same as the majority, even though in reality, they may be quite different. Dickinson also shows us appearances versus reality through her use of poetic language. Dickinson’s use of similes and satire further enhance the theme of the poem. She compares and contrasts the role of â€Å"somebody† to a frog. â€Å"How dreary to be somebody! How public like a frog†¦ to an admiring bog!† Dickinson’s depiction of â€Å"somebody† is of a self-important and constantly self-promoting person and further shows the false values of a society that approves of people like the frog. Dickinson uses satire to illustrate the follies of mankind in accepting these frog-somebody’s. â€Å"How dreary to be somebody! How public like a frog to tell your name to the livelong June to an admiring bog!† Dickinson’s use of poetic language sound, at times, playful and comical. Dickinson’s use of tone in â€Å"I’m nobody!† is playful and at comical. The child persona she adopts gives the sense of a playful nature in the poem. â€Å"I’m nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody too?† gives the main evidence of its playful tone. At times, Dickinson pokes fun at society, comically pointing out its errors. â€Å"How dreary to be somebody†¦To an admiring bog!† gives a comical, yet true, depiction of society. This poem, like all the rest, expresses appearance in contrast with reality. In Robinson’s â€Å"Richard Cory,† Dunbar’s â€Å"We wear the mask,† and Dickinson’s â€Å"I’m nobody!† appearance versus reality is exhibited through the usage of poetic language evoking various feelings in the reader. Hiding the true self from society is a necessary part of life, everyday it must be worn in order be accepted, and these three poems are exemplary. Appearances are just that, appearances, and nothing more; the true individual is far different from that which we see. Are we all not quick to judge a book by its cover?

Absolute Lymphocyte And Cd4 Count Health And Social Care Essay

Cluster of differentiation 4 counts have become a standard step of immunodeficiency in grownups infected with HIV in resource rich countries. However bulk of HIV positive people now live in developing states which are resource hapless lending to about 80 % of the planetary portion. World Health Organization ( WHO ) guidelines acknowledge that absolute lymph cell count ( ALC ) may be used to do intervention determination in resource hapless scenes when CD4 count is non available. Whereas ALC is an cheap and utile marker for presenting disease, the informations measuring the public-service corporation of ALC as cheap alternate marker of CD4 cell count to steer curative determinations is conflicting. Majority of HIV positive people now live in developing states like in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia lending to about 80 % of the planetary portion [ 1 ] . It is besides true that this is besides the part where there is resource restriction to turn to the job like scarceness of CD4 appraisal counters to originate ART and follow-up. Access to ART is now turning. CD4 counts have become a standard step of immunodeficiency in grownups infected with HIV in resource rich countries where the load of the pandemic is low [ 3 ] . Mindful of this job, the current guidelines from World Health Organization ( WHO ) acknowledge that entire lymph cell count ( TLC ) may be used to do intervention determination in resource hapless scenes when CD4 count is non available and patients are mildly diagnostic [ 4 ] . Absolute Lymphocyte Count ( ALC ) is an cheap and utile marker for presenting disease, foretelling patterned advance to AIDS and decease and monitoring response to ART. The principle for the WHO ‘s recommendation is that most surveies concluded a diminution in TLC was strongly correlated with a diminution in CD4 count, though there were some disagreements [ 5-10 ] . However the informations measuring the public-service corporation of ALC as cheap alternate marker of CD4 cell count to steer curative determinations is conflicting including a recent study which mentioned that ALC & lt ; 1200 cells/mm3 was non optimum for placing patients necessitating ART since it showed low sensitiveness and specificity to foretell CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3 [ 10,11 ] . The survey was conducted at our infirmary which is besides a regional HIV/AIDS referral Centre. Over 35 patients are seen each hebdomad including new and follow up instances. The infirmary provides HIV attention such as guidance, intervention of timeserving infections, out patient every bit good as in patient attention and all HIV related complications and lab trials ( including CD4 lymph cell count trials for all instances and outsourced viral burden proving in choice instances ) , all free of cost. The infirmary besides provides information to patients refering the benefit of ART and entree to drugs. Eligible patients with CD4 & lt ; 350 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical phase 4 are started on ART which is besides provided free of cost. The patient spectrum includes instances with HIV infection both with and without ART and besides some who have advanced AIDS. From May 2009 to Jun 2010, two hundred and forty one back-to-back patients seen at our HIV/AIDS referral Centre who had obtained Complete blood count ( CBC ) and CD4 measurings on the same blood sample, were eligible for the survey. These survey topics were assessed for clinical unwellnesss on the same twenty-four hours as the lab trial measurings. A standardised information aggregation signifier was completed for each patient. Patient information on registration included demographics, clinical and laboratory data.Complete past medical records of all patients were either in their ownership or in our informations bank, our Centre being the regional referral Centre for HIV/AIDS. All the patients were evaluated for current age, manner of sensing of HIV ( voluntary showing or high hazard testing ) and twelvemonth of sensing of HIV infection. All past medical records were perused. All patients were subjected to a elaborate history and complete clinical scrutiny for marks of HIV disease or other timeserving infections. Two survey doctors determined the WHO clinical stage10. All patients underwent analysis for CD4+ T cell count at first sensing, six monthly for first one and half old ages and annually thenceforth. A basic Hemogram, urine analysis, Liver map trials and serum creatinine was carried out. Screening for pox, hepatitis B and C was besides done. Annually Chest X beam and ultrasound of the venters was done. Computerised imaging ( CT ) scan of venters, caput and thorax was carried out in relevant instances. Baseline and thenceforth two annual Mantoux trial was done. Baseline and thenceforth two annual Toxoplasma, Herpes Simplex virus 1 & A ; 2 and Cytomegalovirus antibody titers of IgG and IgM were besides done. Consecutive weight records were besides maintained. Any other relevant trials required for intervention of any specific instances were besides undertaken. Laboratory information included CD4 measured by a FACS Counter and complete blood counts by manual method including haemoglobin ( Hb ) ( Sahliaa‚Â ¬a„?s method ) , white bl ood cell count ( WBC ) and Absolute lymph cell count ( ALC ) . All blood indices were done on the same sample for each patient. Quality Control is monitored by internal controls and external proficiency plans. Quality Assurance and Quality Improvement Programs are in place.The informations set was de-identified and no references, alone identifiers or patient visit day of the months were included. The infirmary moralss commission reviewed the survey and cleared it for farther processing. A survey in 2004-05, in Europe and USA reported that absolute lymph cell count was a strong forecaster of short-run disease patterned advance, being merely marginally less prognostic than CD4-cell per centum in the pediatric population. However Johnson et Al ( 2009 ) concluded that low absolute lymph cell count did non correlate with terrible immunosuppression based on CD4 cell count in pediatric HIV infected population. Harmonizing to the WHO ‘s general rule to steer determination doing approximately when to originate ART in resource hapless scenes, a wider handiness of CD4 testing is indispensable. However, the scarceness of this engineering should n't be a cause to discourage intervention while the patient ‘s status deteriorates if there is entree to ALC and cognition of clinical presenting [ 4 ] . Several surveies revealed moderately equal sensitiveness and specificity to see ALC as a foster step for CD4 [ 5-10 ] . Gupta and co-workers ( 2007 ) , observed low sensitiveness and specificity of ALC as an surrogate marker to originate ART. As it was reported by Jacobson and co-workers ( 2003 ) , ALC may still be used in resource limited country with the apprehension of its low sensitiveness and specificity. Stebbing and co-workers besides indicated that despite minimally less dependability of TLC as a alternate for CD4, ALC is of import tool in the absence of expensive equipment to mensurate CD4. Current WHO guidelines Dec 2009, in resource-limited scenes clinical supervising alone may be an option for the first 2 old ages of intervention. We agree with the present consensus that clinical monitoring entirely may be better option than trusting on ALC. It is clip that we call drapes down on ALC as a foster marker of CD4 counts.

It depends on the writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

It depends on the writing - Essay Example On the contrary, you find the same bosses, employers or supervisors advising on safety and against overloading. Despite all the overload, there is little motivation done to the workers as they still the same amount of compensation they get on normal routine. The cartoonist, Rick Enright, has been creating cartoons that especially criticize on industries, motivation, work effort, enthusiasm, delegation and responsibility, weights and heavy lifting which are mostly published on the website: jantoo.com (Enright 1). In his cartoon above, there are two people with uniforms and helmet, representing workers. However, between the two workers, one is adding more load onto the other’s already heed load. At the same time, the one adding the load is giving out a caution that the one being loaded should not to â€Å"over-do it.† The writing, â€Å"SAFETY FIRST† is put here to show how people usually say what they don’t actually mean. This is because, if one was to put safety first, then there was not supposed to be the overloading to the point that some boxes have even fallen. The fallen box shows how the rate of overload to an extent that some cannot be attended to. If we take the loader to be the one delegating responsi bilities, we can say that the cartoon depicts a situation where those who delegate duties usually try to show they care about your safety, so they advise you not to overload yourself. However, in the real sense, it is them; the loaders, or those who delegate duties, who delegate much responsibilities and duties to you. One might wonder whether it true that these people really mean what they say. The main problem here, is that these delegators would like to accomplish targets. By so doing, they delegate excess duties to their juniors to be accomplished within a shorter period. On the contrary, when it comes to the time of giving bonuses, the same delegators do not remember those who really worked hard and deserves the bonus. Instead, those who do not

The best place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The best place - Essay Example An appreciable number are Roman Catholics. National language is Czech. The capital city of Czech Republic is Prague and it is the most wonderful city I have ever visited. Although Prague is a busy city, Czech people are very accommodative and friendly. They value family relationships despite busy lifestyles. The people are polite, reserved, and most notably, observe business etiquette at all times. I noted with interest that Czech people are formal and only get open after friendship has been established. Czech people are particularly respectful to each other. Dining etiquette is an identity of these people. Timeliness, honor, table manners, and Czech eating styles are always upheld when having meals. The way of life for Czech is very significant to me because I am a people person. I like accommodating people and I appreciate when people accommodate me too. I felt welcome and at home in Czech Republic although I was a visitor. This is my favorite country with wonderful people and I would advise somebody to visit Czech

History of Windows Server Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History of Windows Server - Essay Example A better appreciation of the current server operating system is more possible if the earlier versions before 2003 are included in the appreciation of the Windows servers. The Windows server prototypes were the NT platforms which began with the release of Windows NT Advanced Server 3.1 in 1993 upgraded to Windows NT Server 3.5 in 1994, Windows Server 3.51 in 1995, Windows Server 4.0 in 1996, Windows NT Server 4.0 Enterprise Edition in 1997, Windows NT Server 4.0 Terminal Server Edition in 1998, and winds up with the Windows 2000 Server Platform (multiple editions) in 2000 where the NT part of the title was completely given up. A discussion of the early Windows server O/S is vital because they form the basis of the more modern versions. In addition, a complete historical perspective will give emphasis to the leaps and bounds by which the 21st Windows servers have progressed. Microsoft introduced its first server operating system with Windows NT version 3.1. This version is a 32-bit system that incorporated Win32 concepts that are MS DOS, Windows, OS/2 and POSIX compatible. It also provided a US Government C-2 security level protection as well as â€Å"portability to different microprocessor architectures, symmetric multiprocessing support, built-in networking capabilities and support for multilingual applications† (Allan p. 15/2). The NY system is usable in Intel microprocessors, MIPS workstations and the DEC Alpha architecture, needs 12 to 16 megabytes of memory to work and requires a 486 processor or better and more powerful microprocessors (Allan p. 15/2). The following year, version 3.5 came out in September, which upgraded the earlier version by reducing the hardware requirements and advancing reliability (Allan p. 15/3). This version was characterized by enhanced speed and greater connectivity to Novell and UNIX, two of Microsoft’s stiff competitors (Long 2008). It was however, version 3.51 that was considered the

Hewitt v Debus Case Note Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hewitt v Debus Case Note - Essay Example The vendor issued a notice of termination, and the solicitors for Debus alleged misrepresentation. Hewitt sold the property to another buyer, Mr. Darren Gillham, with their agreement being â€Å"subject to and conditional upon† termination of the agreement with Debus. Debus treated Hewitt termination as repudiation and she terminated the agreement herself. Debus did not seek a similar remedy, however she emphasized that her termination of the contract was valid and claimed substantial refund of the money she had paid. She demanded that Hewitt return the money she had paid. A trial judge decided that the purchaser was right because in accordance to the law, a purchaser cannot have both the land and purchase price. The vendor demanded leave to appeal. The application was heard on full submission so that, in case she was granted the leave to appeal, the appeal would be decided without a further hearing. The central matter in this appeal was whether the deed provided that time was important in the performance of Hewitt obligations to pay the amounts required by Clauses 1(c) and (d) and whether the contract between the two parties was validly terminated by the vendor’s notice of termination. Facts The vendor is entitled to terminate for a failure by the purchaser to comply with any term of the agreement irrespective of whether it is an essential term The vendor has a right to terminate where the purchaser fails to pay deposit on time or dishonours cheque for the deposit. Issue The main issue in this case was whether time was important in the performance of Hewitt obligations to pay the amounts required under their agreement and whether the vendor’s notice of termination validly terminated the contract. Holding The seller has a right to terminate for a breach of any term of the agreement irrespective of whether it is an essential term. Analysis Time was not of essence for the payments of the amounts referred in the agreement because the contract was closely similar to a contract for sale of land. A condition of time in land sale contract in equity is not important unless there are special circumstances and the contract has to clearly state that time is essential and has to be implicit from the nature of the contract in the surrounding circumstances. The agreement between the Hewitt and Debus did not have any special circumstances, which implicitly made time for performance important. Because there was no stipulation of time, the vendor was not entitled to terminate the contract because of a delay in the purchaser performing her obligation to pay the instalments. If the period were an essential obligation under the agreement, Hewitt would have been entitled to terminate the contract because of Debus having not considerably performed the necessary obligations. Debus failure to perform within the reasonable period constituted a breach of contract, however Hewitt was not entitled to terminate the contract because Debus substant ially performed part of her obligations. The judges cited section 13 of the Conveyance Act to determine whether a time stipulation was essential in equity. From the act, the judges construed that in case the vendor did not regard time to be essential in

Nursing Leadership Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Leadership Guide - Essay Example Past experiences in the nursing arena has helped individuals learn and develop theories that are applicable to day to day practices in the health care. Nursing is a very dynamic field and new challenges emerge. These challenges require high level of preparedness. According to (Daly & Speed, 2004) a recurring theme of leadership in nursing that it is something that can be learned and applied to leadership challenges as they appear. Thus leaders in nursing should have passion, commitment and flexibility. Incompetence in leadership affects all professions. Nursing is not excluded. There are so many reported cases that can be related to leadership from nurses. The fact that the profession deals with society directly is a clear indication that there is need for high level of leadership. (Williams & Media, 2015) A case is reported in a medical journal concerning a supervising nurse from a local medical centre who found herself in trouble after giving her juniors freedom to plan their own working schedule. (Nurses) The writer of the articles explains how the nurse did not posses any authority in controlling the rest of the workmates. As a supervisor, he was expected to create weekly work schedules, compile daily reports on performance of the nurses among other responsibilities. The article’s main concern was one particular event in the hospital that shocked everyone. One morning, as everyone was reporting to work, the supervising staff was shocked to realize that she was the only nurse present at work. She got concerned and decided to call the rest of the nurses. On calling the nurses, they all claimed that they thought it was their day off. An urgent meeting was called that afternoon to discuss the issue. At the meeting, the management questioned the supervising nurse concerning what really happened that night. According to her, the previous day, she asked her juniors how they would wish to take their day off starting from the following day. Each

What happens to a monopolys revenue when it sells more units of its Essay

What happens to a monopolys revenue when it sells more units of its product - Essay Example pure monopoly in this world of increased consumer awareness and consumer protection, but a close example can be utilities such as water, electricity etc. in a country or Microsoft in the personal computer market. Since there is only one supplier in the monopoly market, therefore the demand curve of the single supplier is the market demand curve. The monopolist will set his quantity at a level where the incremental revenue earned by selling one unit, i.e. marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost, i.e. incremental cost of producing one extra unit. The price will be set equivalent to the average revenue at that quantity. Lack of competition allows the monopolist to earn an economic profit. This is shown graphically on the next page. When the number of units sold increases the revenue increases; primarily because the supplier is the only one in the market and there is little option available to the consumers. However, as the price increases, the elasticity of demand for the product increases (becomes more elastic; as shown by the demand curve D) and the demand starts to decline more than proportionately to the change in price. If the decline in demand is more than the increase in price, then the seller’s revenue would decrease. Given the income distribution in a society, there is a limit to the number of units that can be sold at a high price and if the seller intends to sell more units, then he must lower the price of the

Description of economic crisis and discussion of outcomes Essay

Description of economic crisis and discussion of outcomes - Essay Example The mortgages taken by banks were financially engineered to create securities and trading was allowed on the same. Eventually, corporations from all over the world took exposure in such credit assets. On the maturity of their tenure, most of the customers failed to repay their loans. This was bound to happen, because these sub-prime customers never had the financial capability to finance their obligations. The banks sold off the mortgages to make up the losses suffered due to the non repayment of the loans taken by the customers. However, contrary to the earlier business forecasts prices of real estates decreased considerably. This translated into banks obligations, it meant that the companies who had an exposure in those toxic assets suffered huge losses, being unable to recover their investments as most of the mortgages were being traded in the form of securitized investment vehicles and collaterised debt (Credit crisis: More sub-prime bad news, November 6, 2007) Subsequently, the baneful effect of these transactions spread all over the world. The domino effects hit most of the developed countries financially. Consequently, investors got panic stricken and started withdrawing their investments from equities and other risk bearing investments. It led to a crash in the major stock indices globally. The pronounced effects of the crisis became evident due to the tightening of credit flow in the economy. A lack of capital halted the production activities and dampened the buying attitude among consumers all over the world. The credit crisis had spiraled into an insolvable puzzle due to the imbalance caused in the basic demand supply equations. All this have gripped the minds of global citizens with fear and apprehension of a pandemonium in their lives. The government of almost all the countries is acting in unison to combat the fear of the citizens. The credit crisis has built fear