Essay Grief and Bereavement in The Catcher in the Rye

The Catcher in the Rye has been described, analyzed, rebuffed, and critiqued over the years. Each writer expresses a different point of view: It is a story reflecting teen-agers talk--thoughts-emotions--actions; or angst. I believe it is an adults reflection of his own unresolved grief and bereavements. That adult is the author, J.D. Salinger. He uses his main character, Holden, as the voice to vent the psychological misery he will not expose -or admit to. If there are 785 instances of profanity in the book, I contend there are well over a hundred scenes where Holden used the word depressed. DAmbrosio presents this same thought saying, It should be obvious by now that I dont see The Catcher in the Rye as†¦show more content†¦He believes that there is something in Salingers own life that is being portrayed through the character Holden. Ambrosio does not believe that this is a coming-of-age, or the anxious life of a teen-ager story. Instead, he believes the story is a search for a disturbing and extreme loss of identity. The book is, he claims, All about suicide and silence(31). I found Ambrosios correlations to be very telling and supportive of my thesis. Early in Salingers life, he faced one the cultural illnesses widespread in the North Eastern states of America. It was the virulent disease of anti-Semitism. Salinger lived in New York City, where he was raised as the son of Jewish parents. The 1920s and 1930s were a time in America when Anti-Semitism was written into the policies of many institutions. His heritage automatically deprived him from attending the best colleges: Harvard, Yale, and Dartmouth. He was prevented from belonging to certain social clubs, from certain professions, and from the rank of officer in the U. S. Military. Reporters and editors, trying to interview Salinger about his early life, ran into a prickly silent wall. Margaret, his daughter reveals why. During the Depression and World War 11, from 1939 to 1945, anti Semitism was at its peak. Jews met a wall of discrimination at colleges, clubs, and career opportunities. Prior to 1948, it was not uncommonShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Holden Caulfield1716 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Catcher in the Rye’ is a classic novel set in the 1950’s. Holden Caulfield is a young 16 year old boy walking through life, hardships, and criticism towards life. Throughout Holden’s story, his odd behavior is displayed in a manner which opens the readers’ eyes to an entirely new persona. One that sees the worst in everything, one that doesn’t see the reality of things, a mind unable to decipher the beauty which the world holds within. Through his behavior and thoughts, the reader is led to

Dyslexi A Learning Disability Characterized By Difficulty

Dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by difficulty in reading fluently, as well as comprehending what is read, even in the absence of any other disabilities and with a normal IQ. There are several categories in which individuals with dyslexia may have trouble, such as language skills, phonological decoding and awareness, verbal comprehension, rapid naming, processing, and auditory short-term memory. One factor that stands out with dyslexia and one that causes a lot of controversy is the definition. These can include symptoms-based definitions, other problems that lead to literacy difficulties, and a working definition agreed upon by the Health Council of the Netherlands, which states â€Å" Dyslexia is present when the automatization of word identification (reading) and/or spelling does not develop or does so very incompletely or with great difficulty.† (Smythe, 2011) This definition provides a broad explanation that does not touch on specific causes and avoids any stigmatizing language in order to better serve those affected with dyslexia. The etiology of dyslexia is vast and varied. Although the fact that it is neurological is well-known, several causes can be attributed to it, such as environmental, cognitive, behavioral, and biological reasons. Dyslexia can also be acquired, which means it can appear later in life. Because of this, there are debates within the scientific community, with research being performed such as brain scans and other procedures to

A New Framework For Managing Change

Question: Discuss about a Report on A New Framework For Managing Change? Answer: In the year 2003, on the 18th of July, the cabin crews of British Airways called out a 24 hours strike. This strike was known as the Wildcat strike, where almost 10,000 passengers suffered from this strike at the Heathrow Airport in London. Interestingly the trade unions was not involved in this strike; but 250 cabin crew walked out, during a peak holiday season. The situation became so worse that the British Airways (BA) had to call the police and also have to set up a tent outside the airport. For this incident, the BA was deeply criticized, especially by the American passengers who were flying to the United States that day. After 24 hours on Saturday, the cabin crew returned to work but the effect of the strike was still there. On the 21st of July, that is on the Monday BA reported that over 1,000 passengers had canceled their services, as a result of this crime. The BA faced a set back because of this strike; it face a loss almost 40 million pounds. This loss was faced at post 9/ 11 era when major events like the Iraq war and the SARs attacks were taking place in the world. The BA later declared they have lost almost 100,000 customers. There was a dispute between the BA management and the cabin crews because the BA introduced a new electronic clock in the system; this was introduced to record the attendance of the cabin crew; to record the time when they come in for the work and the time when they leave the workplace. The staff, on the other hand, did not accept this system because they thought with this new system the managers were now given the power to manipulate both their shifts and the work. BA again thought that it will modernize the whole system and improve the efficient staffs as well as the resources. Things were not so, the result of this modernization was loss or cut of many cabin crews. Almost 13,000 cabin crews lost their job and the BA always suffered because of the shortage of ground staff. According to some writers, workers felt that they were not given enough respect for the work done by them. The result of this new system was the strike held by the cabin crew on July 18. The BA on the 23rd of Jul y has a conversation with the unions and agreed to the 3% hike in the salary of the workers, and delayed the swipe card operational system till the 1st of September. According to Bergin (2015), a change in the organizational sector will affect or influence four different parts of an organization. The four different parts are structured, strategy, technology, and employee. Thus when an organizational leader is taking a decision to bring in a change, then the leader has to be very careful. Most of the time, most of the employees could not take the change in an organizational sector in a positive way because it was not communicated to them properly. There is an improvement in the communication says in the last few years, and thus now it has become easier for the organizations to communicate with their employees in the proper way. The organizational leaders should be able to convince the employees that the organizational change will enhance their skill; this will encourage the employees to accept the change in the organizational sector in a positive way. In this case, BA introduces the transformational change to compete in the present business enviro nment, and their words were not communicated in the right way to the cabin crews. According to Keenan (2005), managers in an organization often ignore those people who could bring in the relevant and innovative change in an organization, at the local level. These people can go beyond their job criteria and work for the organizations. Organizational changes in an organization will be accepted by the employees if three things are in balance. These three things are strong teamwork, leadership, and the bureaucratic system. The business environment is hyper-competitive; thus Palmer and Dunford are of the opinion that most of the time these sectors have the structural changes to cope up in this competitive market. The organizational sector most of the time, regard the changes as reorientation transformation that will help them to cope in this competitive business environment. Changes on the other hand in the organizational sector should regard it as robust transformation; that will bring in equilibrium between the management and employees. This equilibrium was not there between the cabin crews and the management of the BA. References Oakland, J.S. Tanner, S.J. (2007) 'A New Framework For Managing Change', TQM Magazine, 19 (6), pp.572-589, [Online]. Keenan, H. (2005). 'The hard side of change management'. Managing organizational change: a multiple perspective approach. (2009). . Werkman, R. (2010). Reinventing Organization Development: How a Sensemaking Perspective Can Enrich OD Theories and Interventions. Journal of Change Management, 10(4), pp.421-438.

Suicidal Mind Essays - Borderline Personality Disorder,

Suicidal Mind I havent read any books on suicide before. So I thought this book was pretty interesting and it gave me a lot of good information on suicide. This book made me realize that there are many commonalities between suicidal people. The states that the common emotion in suicide is hopelessness-helplessness. Dr. Shneidman concludes that the best way to understanding suicide is not through the study of the brain structure, nor study of social statistics and mental disease, but through the study of human emotions. Dr. Shneidman believes that those persons who commit suicide do so to either put a side or to stop unbearable psychological pain, due to the constant frustration for important psychological needs. The psychological needs that Dr. Shneidam mentions, were first described by Henry A Murray in Explorations in Personality (1938). According to Dr. Shneidman, suicides are partially part to one of the five number of frustrated psychological needs: (1) prevented love, acceptance, and belonging: (2) fractured control, and predictability: (3) assaulted self-image and avoidance or shame: (4) ruptured key relationships and attendant grief: (5) excessive anger, rage and hostility. Suicide isnt so much a factor of the psychological needs but frustration caused by basic needs for that person to function. In general a therapists or psychotherapists goal. Is to recognize a suicidal patients needs. So the therapist can help the patient see the other alternatives instead of suicide. Dr. Shneidman uses three cases from the files of a UCLA thanatologist. That showed, that killing ones self is not easy. The first case is about a lady called Ariel Page 2 Wilson, who chose self-immolation, but survived with really bad burns on her body. Ariels central need was succorance, the need to be taken care of, loved and succored. In the second case is a lady called Beatrice, who wrote out her life story while she was Dr. Shneidmans patient. Her method of suicide was knives and starvation. She was a very different case to Ariel Wilson. Beatrice had a great need for order, sanctuary, and a world that she could depend on, but what mostly showed of her intense need was how she was born with fear and anxiety. For example she would reject other people before they might possibly reject her. Its still unclear whether she has stopped her attempts at suicide. Castro the third patient was unable to speak since he had no more face after attempting to blow his brains out. Castro suffered from constriction, isolation, confused logic, and profound hopelessness. All three cases had different psychological needs and helped me understand why basic needs for peo ple are so important. I found that this book was interesting. I thought book was kinda sad at times cause some of the cases that were shown and the people wrote was depressing. But to honest I wish I did a report that I could relate more to me. Cause Ive never thought of committing and dont know anyone suicidal or who has already committed suicide. But this book did let me have a different perspective on suicidal people. This book answered my questions on suicide. Why do people commit suicide? Suicidal people usually are suffering from emotional problems. The frustration of psychological needs is what leads them to killing themselves. The book also said that everyone at least once in their lives thought about committing suicide. Book Reports